Vetiveria Zizanioides Chemical Constituents And Structures

Vetiver plant is a species of lemon grass, Vetiver grass, Chrysopogon Zizanioides Syn. Vetiver is a kind of grass that comes from India and can grow throughout the year. Since ancient times humans have known this herb, and the vetiveria zizanioides chemical constituents has used in industry.

Vetiveria zizanioides chemical constituents has long been use for the manufacture of various drugs and perfumes. The essential oil of this plant is directly distilled from its roots. The French call it Vetyver, where production from around the world currently estimated at 250 tonnes per year. And generally 90 percent of Vetiveria zizanioides chemical constituents has used for perfume industries. Similarly in traditional herbal medicine in Asia, which has long known as a leading commodity.

Vetiveria Zizanioides Chemical Constituents

Vetiveria zizanioides oil is clearly dark brown, slightly dark, and distinctive smell. Quality oils obtained from roots aged 18 to 24 months. The farmers harvest the crops, separate the roots from the stems and then clean. Before distillation, its cut and soaked in water, this process can take up to 24 hours. Then proceed to separate the essential oil and hydrosol, where the oil released and allowed to age for several months. This is done to prevent some undesirable things formed during distillation to get vetiveria zizanioides chemical constituents.

Vetiver oil grows and gets better with age. The characteristics of oil vary depending on climate and soil conditions. As well as Vetiver oil in Haiti and Reunion has more floral qualities and is consider to be of higher quality than oil from Java. In northern India, oil is distilled from the roots of weeds. This oil is known as khus, and in India considered superior to the oil obtained from vetiver grass cultivated varieties. It rarely found in trade outside India, as it mostly consumed domestically. Vetiver oil is a complex oil containing more than 100 chemical structures inside. Vetiveria zizanioides chemical constituents are:

1. Benzoic acid, the molecular formula is C6H5COOH, is a colorless crystalline solid and a simple aromatic carboxylic acid.
2. Furfural, is a heterocyclic aldehyde, the molecular formula is OC4H3CHO.
3. Vetivene, a liquid mixture of sesquiterpenes and molecular formulas is C15H24, obtain from Vetiver oil.
4. Terpinen-4-ol, is terpene with molecular weight of 154.25 g/mol-1 and the molecular formula is C10H18O. It has antibacterial and antifungal effects.
5. Khusimene, the molecular formula is C15H24 and molecular weight 204.357 g/mol
6. A-muurolene or alpha-Muurolene, the molecular formula is C15H24 and molecular weight 204.357 g/mol
7. Khusimone, the molecular formula is C14H20O and the molecular weight is 204.313 g/mol
8. Calacorene, the molecular formula is C15H20 and molecular weight is 200.325 g/mol
9. ß-humulene, or a-caryophyllene, a natural monocyclic sesquiterpene with a molecular formula is C15H24.
10. A-longipinene, or (+) - alpha-longipinene, the molecular formula is C15H24 and molecular weight 204.357 g/mol
11. Y-selinene, or Selinene which has a molecular formula is C15H24 and has been isolated from various plant sources.
12. D-cadinene, or (+) - delta-Cadinene, are isomeric hydrocarbons that occur in a variety of essential oil-producing plants. The molecular formula is C15H24 with a molar mass 204.36 g/mol-1
13. Valencene, a biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), is produced from the CVS enzyme. The molecular formula is C15H24 with a molar mass 204.36 g/mol-1
14. Calarene, -gurjunene, or .beta.-Gurjunene with the molecular formula is C15H24 and the mass 204.357 g/mol
15. A-amorphene, or + a-Amorphene with the molecular formula is C15H24 and the mass is 204.357 g/mol
16. Epizizanal, produced from varieties Vetiveria Zizanioides with molecular formula is C15H22O and mass is 218.16706532
17. 3-epizizanol, produced from Vetiveria Zizanioides varieties with molecular formula is C15H24O and molecular mass is 220.35000
18. Khusimol, the molecular formula is C15H24O
19. Valerenol, the molecular formula is C15H24O and the molecular mass is 220.356 g/mol
20. Alpha-vetivone and beta-vetivone, the molecular formula is C15H22O
21. Vetivazulene, an azulene derivative obtained from Vetiver oil, bicyclic sesquiterpene and an isomer of guaiazulene. The molecular formula is C15H18 with a molar mass of 198.31 g/mol

Vetiveria zizanioides chemical constituents is a complex structure that commonly found in plants. Vetiver plants and extracts are still use today for herbal and traditional medicine in Asia. Among them are in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, throughout Southeast Asia and West Africa. According to ancient Tamil literature, Vetiver has been use for medical purposes.

Reference

• PubChem, Open Chemistry Database, US National Library of Medicine
• Standard Reference Data Program, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).